Balance Sheet and Income Statement Explained with Example

Understanding the financial health of a company is essential for investors, creditors, and business owners. Two of the most important financial statements that are used to evaluate a company’s financial performance are the balance sheet and the income statement. Although these statements have similar goals, they present different information and serve different purposes. In this article, we will explore the difference between a balance sheet and an income statement, and their significance in evaluating a company’s financial standing.

What is a Balance Sheet?

A balance sheet is a financial statement that reports a company’s assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time. It provides a snapshot of a company’s financial position and is often used by investors and creditors to assess a company’s financial health.

Balance sheet example

Let’s say that XYZ Company prepares a balance sheet as of December 31, 2022. The balance sheet may look something like this:

Assets:

Cash and cash equivalents: $10,000

Accounts receivable: $20,000

Inventory: $30,000

Property, plant, and equipment: $100,000

Total assets: $160,000

Liabilities:

Accounts payable: $15,000

Notes payable: $20,000

Accrued expenses: $5,000

Total liabilities: $40,000

Equity:

Common stock: $50,000

Retained earnings: $70,000

Total equity: $120,000

Total liabilities and equity: $160,000

What is an Income Statement?

An income statement, also known as a profit and loss statement, is a financial statement that reports a company’s revenues, expenses, and net income over a specific period of time. It shows how much money a company earned and spent during a particular period and is often used to evaluate a company’s profitability.

Income statement example

Let’s say that XYZ Company prepares an income statement for the year ended December 31, 2022. The income statement may look something like this:

Revenue:

Sales revenue: $500,000

Expenses:

Cost of goods sold: $200,000

Operating expenses: $100,000

Depreciation expense: $10,000

Interest expense: $5,000

Total expenses: $315,000

Net income: $185,000

In conclusion, while both the balance sheet and the income statement are critical financial documents, they serve different purposes and provide different information. The balance sheet provides a snapshot of the company’s financial standing at a specific point in time, while the income statement shows the company’s performance over a specific period. Together, these two financial statements can provide investors, creditors, and business owners with a comprehensive understanding of the financial health of a company and help make informed decisions about its future.